Abdomen Medical Self help

wikipedia

The abdomen or the belly is the cavity situated between the chest above and the pelvis below.the belly chamber is enclosed in the front and on the sides by flat layers of muscles and in the back by the spinal column and the powerful back muscles.

The navel or belly-button forms the center-point of the front wall.the abdomen is lined on the inside with a thin silky membrane called the the peritoneum.when this membrane becomes infented and inflamed , we have the serious disease called "peritonitis"

The abdomen contains the stomach ,small and large intestine,liver,gall-bladder,spleen and pancreas.the kidneys,though not enclosed in the peritoneum , are however in the abdominal cavity located againts its back wall on either side of the spine.

Drawing a vertical and horizontal line on the front of the abdomen crossing each other at right angles through the navel divides it the right upper quadrants.located in the right upper quadrant are the narrowed outlet of the stomach,the liver,gall-bladder,small and large intestine and the right kidney.in the left upper quadrant is found the pouchy part of the stomach,which receives the food from the feed-pipe (gullet, esophagus) after swallowing,in this section is also located the spleen and left kidney.

The pancreas is in the center of these two quadrants.the lower right quadrant contains the small and large intestine, the appendix and the ureter of the right kidney.the left lower quadrant harbors the small intestine,the large intestine and its twisted end portion (sigmoid),the left ureter.the lower quadrants also contain the bladder and part of the female pelvic sex organs when these organs are distended or forced upward.

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